Effects of smoking in the body
Effects of smoking in the body
When it comes to smoking cessation therapy, the combination of counseling and pharmacotherapy achieves higher rates of discontinuation than any other method.
The most effective drugs for smoking cessation include nicotine substitutes, bupropion, and varenicline. The different nicotine substitute formulations are listed in more detail below:
Nicotine skin patches
Nicotine chewing gum
Nicotine pastilles
Inhaled nicotine
Nicotine nasal spray
Nicotine replacement therapy
For people who want to use nicotine substitutes, it is recommended to use a combination of a long-acting product and a short-acting product as an initial treatment option.
The goal of nicotine replacement therapy is to actually give nicotine to the smoker without them having to smoke. In this way, the withdrawal symptoms from nicotine are reduced as the smoker stops his smoking habit.
The use of nicotine substitutes instead of cigarettes achieves the avoidance of exposure to carbon monoxide that causes hypoxemia, to oxidizing gases that cause atherosclerosis of blood vessels and to tar that is carcinogenic.
The various nicotine substitutes differ in their pharmacokinetic action and how quickly they release nicotine into the bloodstream and therefore into the brain.
However, no product releases nicotine as quickly as smoking itself, which contributes significantly to the addiction caused by cigarette smoke.
Thus, in particular, the transdermal patch-sticker has a long action and releases nicotine slowly and steadily for about 24 hours. Patient compliance is high, but it shows the disadvantage that the user does not control how much nicotine is released at any one time.
That's why if he has a strong desire to smoke at some point during the day, despite the use of the sticker, he will relapse if he only uses the sticker.
In contrast, nasal sprays and mouthwashes (lozenges, chewing gum, inhaled) show short action and a faster increase in nicotine levels in the blood, which allow the user more flexibility during the phase when he has a strong desire to smoke.
However, nasal spray and inhaled form require repeated doses during the day and drivers at more volatile nicotine levels in the blood, and the instructions for the dose are more complex than the sticker.
In research, all 5 nicotine replacement products were more effective than placebo, achieving twice the rate of discontinuation.
However, little research has compared nicotine substitutes to each other, ie whether chewing gum is more effective against the sticker, for example. In a randomized study, no difference was found between the various substitutes.
Combinations of different products are more effective than single therapy, ie a single substitute form.
It is also worth noting that the rates of smoking cessation in smokers using nicotine substitutes are similar to those who try other methods of smoking cessation without the use of these products.
The dose of most nicotine substitutes varies depending on the number of cigarettes a person smokes each day. The dose is usually reduced as withdrawal symptoms slowly subside.
Generally speaking, the use of nicotine substitutes is recommended for 2-3 months. However, in patients with a high degree of dependence, its use is acceptable for a longer period of time.
Smokers are often concerned that using nicotine substitutes may make them addicted to smoking cessation. This can actually happen but it is rare.
The dose taken with these products is lower and the dose is slower compared to smoking, thus avoiding long-term dependence on them.
The main side effect of nicotine substitutes depends on each product individually. The nicotine substitutes used in combination are safe as each of them produces lower levels of nicotine in the blood compared to those produced during the smoking of a pack of cigarettes per day.
In addition, if a smoker feels any side effects, he or she may reduce the dose of the substitute he or she is taking to reduce the side effects.
Nicotine replacement therapy is safe for people with known cardiovascular disease.
Nicotine replacement therapy
For people who want to use nicotine substitutes, it is recommended to use a combination of a long-acting product and a short-acting product as an initial treatment option.
The goal of nicotine replacement therapy is to actually give nicotine to the smoker without them having to smoke. In this way, the withdrawal symptoms from nicotine are reduced as the smoker stops his smoking habit.
The use of nicotine substitutes instead of cigarettes achieves the avoidance of exposure to carbon monoxide that causes hypoxemia, to oxidizing gases that cause atherosclerosis of blood vessels and to tar that is carcinogenic.
The various nicotine substitutes differ in their pharmacokinetic action and how quickly they release nicotine into the bloodstream and therefore into the brain.
However, no product releases nicotine as quickly as smoking itself, which contributes significantly to the addiction caused by cigarette smoke.
Thus, in particular, the transdermal patch-sticker has a long action and releases nicotine slowly and steadily for about 24 hours. Patient compliance is high, but it shows the disadvantage that the user does not control how much nicotine is released at any one time.
That's why if he has a strong desire to smoke at some point during the day, despite the use of the sticker, he will relapse if he only uses the sticker.
In contrast, nasal sprays and mouthwashes (lozenges, chewing gum, inhaled) show short action and a faster increase in nicotine levels in the blood, which allow the user more flexibility during the phase when he has a strong desire to smoke.
However, nasal spray and inhaled form require repeated doses during the day and drivers at more volatile nicotine levels in the blood, and the instructions for the dose are more complex than the sticker.
In research, all 5 nicotine replacement products were more effective than placebo, achieving twice the rate of discontinuation.
However, little research has compared nicotine substitutes to each other, ie whether chewing gum is more effective against the sticker, for example. In a randomized study, no difference was found between the various substitutes.
Combinations of different products are more effective than single therapy, ie a single substitute form.
It is also worth noting that the rates of smoking cessation in smokers using nicotine substitutes are similar to those who try other methods of smoking cessation without the use of these products.
The dose of most nicotine substitutes varies depending on the number of cigarettes a person smokes each day. The dose is usually reduced as withdrawal symptoms slowly subside.
Generally speaking, the use of nicotine substitutes is recommended for 2-3 months. However, in patients with a high degree of dependence, its use is acceptable for a longer period of time.
Smokers are often concerned that using nicotine substitutes may make them addicted to smoking cessation. This can actually happen but it is rare.
The dose taken with these products is lower and the dose is slower compared to smoking, thus avoiding long-term dependence on them.
The main side effect of nicotine substitutes depends on each product individually. The nicotine substitutes used in combination are safe as each of them produces lower levels of nicotine in the blood compared to those produced during the smoking of a pack of cigarettes per day.
In addition, if a smoker feels any side effects, he or she may reduce the dose of the substitute he or she is taking to reduce the side effects.
Nicotine replacement therapy is safe for people with known cardiovascular disease.
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